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KMID : 1134820120410101378
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
2012 Volume.41 No. 10 p.1378 ~ p.1387
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Pharmacological Activity of Chaga Mushroom on Extraction Conditions and Immunostimulating Polysaccharide
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Baek Gil-Hun
Jeong Heon-Sang
Kim Hoon
Yoon Taek-Joon
Suh Hyung-Joo
Yu Kwang-Won
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Abstract
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To investigate the pharmacological activity of chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) on extraction conditions, chaga was extracted using water (reflux at 50oC, decoction over 90oC, pressure at 121oC) or ethanol (reflux at 50, 70, or 90oC). When water extract was further fractionated into crude polysaccharide (IO-CP), yields of IO-CP (4.8～16.8%) were higher than those of ethanolic extracts (IO-E, 1.9～2.7%) at increased temperature. For antioxidant activity, crude polysaccharide (IO-CP-121) obtained by pressurized extraction showed the highest polyphenolic and flavonoid contents (35.10 mg TAE/g and 18.48 mg QE/g, respectively) as well as DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities (26.08 and 27.99 mg AEAC/100 mg, respectively). Meanwhile, IO-CP-D (decoction) and IO-CP-50 (reflux) had more potent mitogenic effects (2.10- and 1.95-fold of saline control at 100 μg/mL) as well as intestinal immune system modulating activities (6.30- and 5.74-fold) compared to IO-CP-121, whereas ethanolic extracts showed no activity. Although no IO-CP showed cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells at 0.1 mg/mL, IO-CP-121 significantly inhibited TNF-α and NO production as pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (29.2 and 63.5%, respectively). Ethanolic extracts also showed no cytotoxicity at 0.1 mg/mL, whereas inhibition of TNF-α and NO production was significantly low compared to that of IO-CP-121. In addition, active IO-CP-D was further fractionated into an unadsorbed (IO-CP-I) and seven adsorbed fractions (IO-CP-II～VIII) by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography in order to isolate immunostimulating polysaccharide. IO-CP-II showed the most potent mitogenic effect and macrophage stimulating activity (4.51- and 1.64-fold, respectively). IO-CP-II mainly contained neutral sugars (61.86%) in addition to a small amount of uronic acid (2.96%), and component sugar analysis showed that IO-CP-II consisted mainly of Glc, Gal, and Man (molar ratio of 1.00:0.55:0.31). Therefore, extraction conditions affect the physiological activity of chaga, and immunostimulating polysaccharide fractionated from chaga by decoction is composed mainly of neutral sugars.
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KEYWORD
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chaga mushroom, extraction condition, solvent extract, crude polysaccharide, pharmacological activity
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